¿Who we are?

We are a group of students which was ordered to create this blog in order to inform and clarify certain doubts that may  have on this important issue such as HIV, we are:

Reimon Caldera: I am peaceful I like specific music genres and salsa reggeton, I like the rumba and exceed all my goals and I want to study electronics.

Rausseo Kerwin: I am a funny person, I like all kinds of music especially rap, my hobby is playing football, drawing and hanging out with my friends (a) s, I am focused on my studies and my goals, especially mechanical engineering .

Angelo Moretti: : I'm very caster joke, I really like the rap genre consciousness and romantic style, my favorite sport is football but I also like baseball, high school study in the 5th Beraza Bolet Ninor mention I want to study mechanical engineering science or chemistry pure.

Ivan White: I am a fortune-joke I like to read topics in relation to science or other things of historical technological advances or universal level, I love music genres preferred alternative rock, electronic, dance, pop, rap between others, I consider myself a very open minded person so I think any chance to exert a career in architecture.

Our concern regarding this whole issue is the ability to inform and educate you see our blog on HIV.

¿What is HIV?

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS. This virus can be transmitted from one person to another when infected blood, semen or vaginal secretions come in contact with infected mucous membranes * or skin lesions of an uninfected person. Pregnant women who have the virus can also pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth and during breastfeeding. People with HIV have what is called HIV infection. Some of these people will develop AIDS as a result of this infection.

Structure

The outer envelope of HIV is a lipid membrane derived from the host cell. Protruding from this deck viral transmembrane glycoproteins gp41 and gp120 envelope glycoproteins that allow the binding of HIV to target cells. Inside the cover, the viral core protein p17 is the matrix of the virion and core protein p24 forms a cylindrical inner nucleoid. The nucleoid has within both strands of viral RNA genome (the genetic material of HIV), and the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Ribonucleic acid containing the structural genes gag, pol and env, common to all retroviruses, and several structural genes.

HIV life cycle

HIV infects cells on its surface with the CD4 molecule (a protein that belongs to some immune system cells that HIV uses as a receiver). The viral gp120 specifically recognizes and binds to CD4, and thus the virus binds to the cell membrane. After this union, the viral nucleoid enters the cell through the process of reverse transcription, viral RNA is converted into double-stranded DNA. This viral DNA is transported to the cell nucleus, where it is inserted or integrated into the DNA of the chromosomes of the cell. When producing the necessary stimulus, it triggers the formation of new virions. The integrated viral DNA in the chromosomes of the host cell uses replication mechanisms for transcription it into messenger RNA (mRNA) and new viral genomic RNA strands. There is then the translation of viral mRNA and enzyme structural viral proteins, and assembly of new virions within the cell. HIV particles thus created are released from the cell to take on their way out of the cell membrane for use as cover. HIV replication can cause the death of CD4 T lymphocytes (one of several types of white blood cells). The destruction of CD4 T cells via cell phone paralyzes the immune system, and this is the mechanism by which HIV infection can cause AIDS.

¿How is it transmitted?

The routes of transmission are threefold:

Heterosexual or homosexual sex unprotected (vaginal, anal, oral).

By blood, by sharing needles for drug use or any other cutting or stabbing, or via blood transfusion is not controlled.

Perinatal transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. It is the main mechanism for the acquisition of AIDS in children. If you do not get medical care, a woman is HIV positive during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding a 30% chance of transmitting the virus to her baby. These possibilities are reduced to 2% in case of receiving adequate medical care.

¿How to treat HIV?

Antiretroviral drugs reduce levels of HIV in the body, so that the immune system can recover and function effectively. Antiretroviral drugs allow HIV-positive many people enjoy a long and healthy life.

The start of antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV infection involves a compromise. That is, the medications should be taken every day for the rest of the life of the infected. Following the treatment is especially important because it increases the risk of drug resistance. Side effects of HIV drugs can cause treatment compliance more difficult. In addition, these drugs tend to be very strong. There are ways to reduce the impact of these side effects, but sometimes it is necessary to abandon the previous treatment and start an alternative treatment.

More than 20 antiretroviral drugs are approved for the treatment of this infection in the United States and Europe, and new drugs currently under study. Although treatment for HIV has become more accessible in recent years, access to antiretroviral treatment has restrictions in parts of the world due to lack of funds.

¿What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

Often we hear about HIV and AIDS as if they were synonymous,but, Having HIV does not mean you have AIDS. Being infectedwith HIV means that one has been exposed to the virus and is notdefinite that she will develop the disease. It can remain without symptoms (asymptomatic carriers) for a long time. It is critical to note that with the advancement of new treatments can HIV live healthy life. AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection in the presence of symptoms that occur when the immune systemdeteriorates and ceases to function effectively, to developopportunistic infections and / or marker because it has lost theability to defend the body to fight against the various agents that cause enfermedadesUn large percentage of those infected withthe AIDS virus also have the hepatitis C virus, hence theimportance of the controls. Half of those newly infected with AIDSin the world are teenagers under 19 years. Every 14 seconds a young man infected with the HIV virus, which means that about6,000 are infected with AIDS each day around the world.

¿How to know if you have HIV / AIDS?

The most used test called Elisa test, which does not detect the virus, but the presence of antibodies that the body makes to defend against the virus. To be able to find the antibodies in the blood, it is necessary to take the examination 3 months after the last time you were in a risk of acquiring HIV (eg after having sex without a condom). This waiting time is called "window period".

Ideally, the test will be accompanied by guidance or counseling before and after realizing it, to analyze situations of risk which has been exposed, clarify doubts and fears that have HIV / AIDS and provide tools for "negotiating" condom use with partners.

¿HIV have symptoms?

You can not reliably diagnose HIV infection or AIDS if you take intoaccount only the symptoms. The only way to know for sure if aperson is infected with HIV is to get tested for HIV.

People living with HIV may feel and versecompletamente well.However, it is possible that your immune system is damaged. It is important to remember that once infected with HIV alguienestá can transmit the virus immediately, even if that person feels healthy.

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. If a person is infected with HIV do not have an effective antiretroviral treatment, HIV weakens the immune system over time. As a result, they become morevulnerable to opportunistic infections.

¿What is HIV Syndrome?

HIV syndrome is the name given to the first stage of HIV infection,when a person is infected with HIV.

¿What happens after a person contracts HIV?

After being infected with HIV, the body is working hard to attack the virus. When the body fights the virus can not make as many copies of itself. Although the person still has HIV, begin again to look good and feel good. The results of routine blood tests are normal.
However, during this time, the virus is still attacking the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are the centers of the body's immune system. The virus may also attack and damage brain tissue slowly.
For 10 to 15 years, HIV kills so many CD4 cells that the body can not fight infections. When the CD4 count is 200 or less per ml, the person has AIDS (a normal count is 600 to 1000). Once the person has AIDS, you can easily get many serious infections.

¿What happens once the disease is contracted during pregnancy and untreated?

EFFECTS OF AIDS IN PREGNANCY:

• Infertility
• Repeated abortions
• Premature babies
• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Of fetuses Births stillbirths
• Congenital abnormalities
• Embryopathy

Treatment of patients with HIV

• To date, no drug or therapy can cure AIDS.
• It is unlikely that the availability of AIDS vaccines in the near future.
• The best standard treatment currently available is a three antirretroviales combinanciòn (ARV).
• ARVs are not available worldwide, are expensive and must be managed properly.

Vaccination of children with HIV

• All asymptomatic children infected with HIV should receive the standard vaccines.
• All symptomatic children, infected with the HIV virus-related complex (ARC) or AIDS should receive inactivated vaccines.

Women and HIV

• Social risk factors
• illiteracy
• Lack of knowledge of preventive measures.
• Biological Factors irrigation.
• Is twice as easy for women  to HIV in men.
• The woman's own physiology (eg, menstruation, sexual intercourse?
• Some disorders associated with pregnancy (eg, anemia, menorrhagia and bleeding) increases the need for blood transfusions.

¿How to prevent HIV / AIDS?

All people who already have sexual intercourse (vaginal or anal) are at risk of acquiring infection if not using condoms. Also those / as who share needles or sharp injuries material not sterilized.

The only way to avoid getting control is prevention, based on correct information. Can be avoided in the following ways:

Only one uninfected sex partner: Having an exclusive partner is not infected. You must agree and respect between both partners sex exclusive. Previously, it must be checked through a test that both do not have the virus.

Correct use of condoms: Using a condom correctly and every sex. If you have penetrative sex (vaginal in the mouth or anus) always use condoms correctly and every sex. Also, if there are other STDs that cause wound infection favors. It is very important to learn to "negotiate" condom use with all partners, especially women, who are more likely to be infected. The condom is one of the surest ways to avoid contracting HIV.

Sexual abstinence: Not having vaginal intercourse and / or anal sex (abstinence). Not having sex is the surest way not to acquire the virus through sex. This form of prevention may be temporary or permanent.

Sterilized material: If you inject drugs, not sharing syringes and needles. Use disposable or esterilizado.No share cutting instruments, razors, manicure tools for tattooing, unless they have been properly sterilized.

Safer Sex: Having safe sex practices that do not involve vaginal or anal penetration such as kissing, fondling made and / or mutual masturbation.

Screening in pregnancy: If you have decided to have a / a son / daughter, consult your doctor or midwife. If the pregnant woman is living with HIV can take drugs to prevent transmission of the virus to her child / a.

The first case of HIV was in the Belgian Congo in 1959

A group of researchers said the first case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was a man who lived in what was then the Belgian Congo in 1959.

The man was a Bantu who lived in Leopoldville, now the city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, said in a press conference David Ho and his colleagues at the Research CenterAaron Diamond AIDS in New York.

The scientists explained that the samples appeared as an ancestor of several HIV subtypes found worldwide. Research suggests that HIV "evolved from a single introduction to the African population in a period well before 1959."

Symptoms

He first went to the clinic with symptoms of sickle cell anemia, a blood disease common among Africans in which malformed red blood cells clump together.

Doctors kept samples of the blood of man and the team carefully analyzed Ho. After studying several samples from Africa, that was the only showing being infected with HIV, he said.

By using well-established genetic methods for determining dates, the team determined that the virus could not have existed many years before 1959. "This finding also refutes the suggestion that the subtype B HIV-1 was responsible for AIDS-like syndromes that began in the 1930s in several European populations," they wrote in a report in the journal Nature, also published their work this week.

Some researchers supported the hypothesis that a sailor from Manchester, England, died of AIDS in 1959, but has not been proven. The researchers withdrew their initial conclusions after several years.

HIV and monkeys

Scientists have yet to discover how humans contracted the virus first. Many viruses come from animals and is thought that HIV came from monkeys, but has not determined how it happened.

The monkeys have a similar disease syndrome known as simian immunodeficiency virus. But the monkeys infected with HIV do not develop AIDS in the same way as humans, which means that the virus mutated at some point in their evolution.

Scientists explain that the samples appeared as an ancestor of several HIV subtypes found worldwide. Research suggests that HIV "evolved from a single introduction to the African population in a period well before 1959."

90 days of a person with HIV AIDS TREATMENT WITH